The Chief Editor of Era's Journal of Medical Research (EJMR) is responsible for deciding which of the research papers/articles submitted to the journal should be published. The publishing decision is based on the recommendation of the journal's reviewers. All authors submitting their works to the journal for publication as original articles attest that the submitting works represent their author's contributions and have not been copied in whole or in part from other works. The Chief Editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. If the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. Applicable copyright laws and conventions should be followed. Plagiarism in any form, including the touting of material contained in another paper (of the same authors or some other author) with cosmetic changes as a new paper; copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another's paper (without attribution), and claiming results from research conducted by others are among the numerous forms of plagiarism. In all its forms.
Plagiarism constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable. The Chief Editor may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision. Plagiarism is considered when an author attempts to pass off someone else's work as his or her own. Duplicate publication, sometimes called self-plagiarism, occurs when an author reuses substantial parts of their own published work without providing the appropriate references. This can range from getting an identical paper published in multiple journals, to 'salami-slicing', where authors add small amounts of new data to a previous paper. Plagiarism can be said to have clearly occurred when large chunks of text have been cut-and-pasted. Such manuscripts would not be considered for publication in EJMR.

Authors must confirm the following; that:

1. Submitted manuscripts must be the original work of the author(s);
2. Only unpublished manuscripts should be submitted;
3. It is unethical to submit a manuscript to more than one journal concurrently;
4. Any conflict of interest must be clearly stated;
5. The sources of data used in the development of the manuscript is acknowledged;
6. All errors discovered in the manuscript after submission must be swiftly communicated to the Editor

Reviewers are expected to evaluate a manuscript for critical analysis, comparative analysis and most importantly for integrity and novelty of the research work.

Therefore, reviewers must confirm the following; that:

1. All manuscripts are reviewed in fairness based on the intellectual content of the article regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, citizenry nor political values of author(s);
2. Any observed conflict of interest during the review process must be communicated to the Editor;
3. All information pertaining to the manuscript is kept confidential;
4. Any information that may be the reason for the rejection of publication of a manuscript must be communicated to the Editor.

Editors must confirm the following; that:

1. All manuscripts are evaluated in fairness based on the intellectual content of the paper regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, citizenry nor political values of authors;
2. Information pertaining to manuscripts are kept confidential;
3. Any observed conflict of interest pertaining to manuscripts must be disclosed;
4. Editorial Board takes responsibility for making publication decisions for submitted manuscripts based on the reviewer’s evaluation of the manuscript, policies of the journal editorial board and legal restrain acting against plagiarism, libel and copyright infringement.

Statement of informed consent

Patients have a right to privacy that should not be infringed without informed consent. Identifying information, including patients' names, initials, or hospital numbers, should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) gives written informed consent for publication. Informed consent for this purpose requires that a patient who is identifiable be shown the manuscript to be published. Authors should identify Individuals who provide writing assistance and disclose the funding source for this assistance.

Identifying details should be omitted if they are not essential. Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve, however, and informed consent should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the eye region in photographs of patients is inadequate protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic pedigrees, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort scientific meaning and editors should so note.

Statement of Human and Animal Rights

While reporting scientific project involving human subjects or experimental animals authors should indicate whether the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) or regulations for laboratory animals. The statement has to be mentioned in "Materials and Methods" section, right after the presentation of the study groups. We believe animal experimentation should be avoided whenever possible in favor of alternative research strategies.

Declaration of Conflict of Interest

All manuscripts for articles, original research reports, editorials, reviews and case reports that are submitted to the journal must be accompanied by a conflict of interest disclosure statement or a declaration by the authors that they do not have any conflicts of interest to declare.

The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) states in its Guidelines on Good Publication Practice (2003) that:

Conflicts of interest arise when authors, reviewers, or editors have interests that are not fully apparent and that may influence their judgments on what is published. They have been described as those which, when revealed later, would make a reasonable reader feel misled or deceived.

EJMR believe that, to make the best decision on how to deal with an article, Journal should know about any competing interests that authors may have, before an article can be reviewed and accepted for publication.

Other interest-

• Author must be truthful and must declare if the article has been published in some other language during the time of submission.
• Author must disclose if some part of work has already been published or under consideration elsewhere.
• If the research submitted is the thesis or PhD work, author should reveal the name of the Primary researcher and the Guide/Co-Supervisors.

Confidentiality

Confidentiality of data relating to individual patients and visitors to the Web site, including their identity, is respected by this Web site. The Web site owners undertake to either honor or exceed the legal requirements of medical or health information privacy as applicable. (Governed by the laws of India)

Only active and current members of the Editorial team have access to this data at any given time. All emails sent to the Journal are kept on the journal mail box for 7 days, there after archived as offline content on our hard drive. There they are stored indefinitely. Only the chief editor, Editorial secretary and the Editor for Review has access to these. We do not forward the content or email IDs of any correspondence to third party outside of journal activities. Info given by people to us on e-mails will be used by us only, these statistics will not be used by third party or other companies.

Redundant Publication

Author should not submit/present the same (or substantially overlapping) data in more than one publication without adequate cross-referencing/justification, particularly when this is done in such a way that reviewers/readers are unlikely to realize that most or all the findings have been published before (As per COPE guidelines). Submission of a manuscript concomitantly to more than one journal is unethical and unacceptable. The authors and editors of the journal must concur to the secondary publication, which may reflect the same data and interpretation of the primary document. The primary reference must be cited in the secondary publication.

If the research is published in some other language previously, author must declare the same at the time of submission of the manuscript or prior permission from the editor must be taken.

Acknowledgement of sources

Authors should make it certain that they have acknowledged the work of others, and should also cite publications that have been significance in determining the nature of the reported work. Authors should take permission from the researcher before using the questionnaire in a questionnaire study to avoid any conflict post-publication. Also, in case If you are including material that has been previously published (illustrations or tables or images), you are required to obtain permission from the original publisher to reproduce that material to avoid any conflict.

Authorship

To ensure authorship for the submitted manuscripts, the contributors should meet the following three conditions:

• Conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data has been done by the author
• Either drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content has been done by the author
• The final approval of the version to be published has been given by the author. Each contributor should have participated sufficiently in the work to be allowed to take public responsibility for suitable portions of the content.

Naming Order for Contributors

The order of naming the contributors should be based on the relative contribution of the contributor towards the study and the writing of the manuscript. Once submitted, the order cannot be changed without the written consent of all the contributors.

Authorship

No addition of author(s) will be entertained post submission. Exception to this will be made only with proper justification supported by institution/university head.

Number of Contributors

In the event of a study carried out in a single institute, the number of contributors should not exceed six. There should be a written justification if the number of contributors exceeds six. If the EJMR feels necessary it may ask for description of the contribution of authors towards the manuscript.

Guarantor

One or more author should take responsibility for the integrity of the work from the inception to the publishing of the article. This author will be designated as the guarantor.